Judaism is the oldest surviving monotheistic religion. It grows out of a covenant described in the Hebrew Bible (called the Old Testament by Christians) with Abraham and his descendants, the Children of Israel. Today's Rabbinic Judaism is largely a result of the collection of writings of traditional oral law from the sixth century called the Talmud.  

Modern Judaism has three main branches: Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform. The groups differ on how they interpret the Torah, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible which are the foundational scriptures for Judaism.

Some beginning links on Judaism and disabilities:

Orthodox Union
Yachad, The National Jewish Council on Disabilities (NJCD) is dedicated to enhancing the life opportunities of individuals with disabilities, ensuring their participation in the full spectrum of Jewish life.

Union for Reform Judaism
A Disabilities section offers resources for Reform congregations.

The Religious Action Center (RAC) of Reform Judaism has a Disability Rights page.

The United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism
Conservative Judaism website on the "Inclusion of People with Disabilities"

Disability Resource Guide: A comprehensive listing of local and national secular and Jewish disability resources.

Mandate for Deaf Jews.  An article on Deaf persons in Conservative Judaism. 

Jewish Reconstructionist Federation
Jewish Disability Awareness Month page

Other Jewish Resources
February is observed as Jewish Disabilities Awareness Month in a cooperative effort among the four main Jewish movements (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism).  In the Orthodox movement, it is called North American Inclusion Month (NAIM).  See also the Jewish Special Education International Consortium.  

Inclusion Innovations LLC. Started by longtime Jewish advocate, Shelly Christensen, to "serve Jews with disabilities, their families and the communities around them so that no one is left behind."

Council for Jews with Special Needs  An organization in Phoenix, Arizona that provides programs, resources and support to help all Jews with disabilities and their families to fulfill their spiritual,  cultural and religious needs.